Dental tissues are an abundant and rich source for easily and continually obtaining of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC),
which are able to differentiate in vitro into several types of tissues, such as fat, cartilage, bone, among others. In swine,
canine teeth display continuous growth, suggesting it could represent a different niche of stem cells. In this study, we
compare dental pulp mesenchymal stem cell (sDPSC) niches from canine and molar teeth in swine. Tooth tissues were
obtained and characterized by histological, microscopy and cellular analyses. Tissues were submitted to immunohistochemistry
analysis and showed expression for mesenchymal stem cells markers, such as CD73, CD90, CD105 and for
pluripotent markers (Oct-4, Nanog and Sox-2). Molar and canine sDPSC were also cultured and characterized according
to MSC properties, such as plastic adherence capability, fibroblast-like morphology and cell surface antigen profile. sDPSC
displayed an exponential growth pattern by MTT assay and increased in-vitro differentiation potential for adipogenic and
osteogenic lineages. Tumorigenic test indicated these cells were unable to generate tumor in nude mice. Thus far, stem
cells derived from canine and molar teeth in swine did not expose significant differences related to cell or plasticity markers
and they indicate to be safe for animal cellular therapy use since they are devoid of tumorigenic disposition.
Currently, stem cell research is extensively investigated, leading
to an expansion in different applications and approaches
in regenerative medicine. Most of the expertise in stem cells is
applied to human stem cells. However, information on animal
stem cells is of extreme relevance for veterinary research for
use in cell therapy. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have
been greatly studied due to their regenerative potential, immunomodulatory
signaling properties and cellular plasticity.
MSC-like populations derived from dental tissue are one of
the 5 different types of stem cells found in specialized tissues
already isolated and characterized, being the postnatal dental
pulp stem cells’ (DPSC), exfoliated deciduous teeth stem
cells (SHED) ,apical papilla (SCAP), periodontal ligament stem
cells (PDLSC) and dental follicle precursor cells’ (DFPC). Regenerative potential of dental pulp stem cells has been
associated to dentin formation. Several studies in different
niches of human dental pulp stem cells have reported relevant
features like multipotentiality, clonogenicity, proliferation and
cell therapy potential. In addition, therapeutic application of
these cells was previously reported for dental tissue regeneration.
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